This work aimed to present the current scenario of technological innovation involved in extraction and applications of coffee oil through patents listed in Derwent Innovations Index and INPI platform. Keywords combinations such as (i) «coffee oil» AND «extraction»; (ii) «coffee oil» AND «aroma» (iii) «coffee oil» AND «microencapsulation», (iv) «spent coffee grounds» AND «coffee oil» and (v) «coffee oil» AND «spray drying» were used as search terms on Derwent’s database, which resulted in 62 patents. Of those 62 patents, 80 % of them were classified as A23 – (food products and their processing, coffee aroma; coffee oil, etc.), 31% were granted in the years between 2014 and 2016, of which USA leads with 27.9% and 70 % of the patents. In both cases, the supercritical CO2 technique was applied to oil extraction. Nestec S.A., a subsidiary of NESTLÉ, at 14.5 %, holds the majority of active patents. Of the patents analyzed on the INPI platform (the same Keywords combinations are used, except in portuguese), the most uses of coffee oil were related to the production of instant coffee, pharmaceutical manipulations and polymer matrices. Pressing was the extraction method that represented 54 % of the 12 patents found. The main classification was C11B with 52 % of patents. Microencapsulation technique to preserve aroma and bioactive compounds has been used in some of patents. This topic proved to be promising in terms of commercial exploitation due to its efficiency in preserving compounds from vegetable oils. The national industry and the academic community must be attentive to the coffee sector that influences the Brazilian economy, observing opportunities for development and technological innovation.

This study aims to examine the satisfaction of employed college students about the entrepreneurial project-based education using an e-learning platform. One hundred seventy-nine students of the Creative Design course which requires entrepreneurial projects. Multiple regression analysis examined the influence of six independent variables, namely: «perceived navigation», «perceived convenience», «perceived compatibility», «perceived usefulness», «perceived ease to use» and «perceived enjoyment» towards the satisfaction in the use of e-learning platform for the course. Results showed that only «perceived navigation», «perceived compatibility», «perceived usefulness», and «perceived enjoyment» significantly influence the satisfaction on the use of e-learning platform for entrepreneurial projects. «Perceived navigation» is the most significant variable that influences these students’ satisfaction in the use of e-learning for the required entrepreneurial project. There is a need to ensure the consistency to resources (i.e. e-learning platform), environment, and management to make the entrepreneurial project-based activities adapt the smart-classroom characteristics.

The aim of this study is to show the contribution of recruitment quality to the sustainable development of companies in the water and energy sector. So, data was collected by a questionnaire from 256 employees. These were analyzed using structural equation modeling. It emerges that recruitment quality partially influences Sustainable Development; because it has a positive and significant impact on environmental performance, and a negative but not significant impact on social performance. In addition, we have found that the introduction of a new recruit is decisive for the social climate quality that will prevail within it. Therefore, employees must be trained on the objectives of the company in its quest for sustainable development. And so, to know what they must undertake as a strategy to achieve these goals.

Smoking is a processing operation that has been practiced for generations in many parts of the world, for the preservation of products such as meat and fish. However, when smoking fish, the smoke carries polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which have an impact on health. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the Thiaroye oven in reducing the PAH levels of two species of smoked fish in Côte d'Ivoire. The smoking of the fish was carried out at the Guéssabo smoking site and the samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis. The fish samples were divided into two lots. One batch was smoked with the traditional oven and the second batch was smoked with the Thiaroye oven. The fuel used was redwood (Cassine Orientalis). The PAH contents were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography - fluorescence detection. The PAH contents, in particular Benzo (a) Pyrene, Chrysene, Benzo (a) Anthracene, and Benzo (b) Fluoranthene are different depending on the species of fish and the smoking technology applied. According to the analysis results of the two species of fish, and by referring to the European standards which is 2 µg / kg for B (a) P and 12 µg / kg for the sum of the PAHs, it emerged that the catfish was more contaminated than tuna regardless of the technology applied. However, the results showed a reduction of 61.70% for B (a) P and 86.73% for the sum of PAHs with tuna and 73.93% for B (a) P and 98.44 % for the sum of the PAHs in the case of the catfish. The smoking of fish in the Thiaroye oven leads to a considerable decrease in the PAHs content.

The occurrence of heavy rains in the Diamare Division (far north of Cameroon), makes this region a sensitive area to recurrent floods. This work provides a flood susceptibility map, which is an important tool for risk management, allowing priority areas to be defined for detailed studies. The methodology applied is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with spatial analysis in GIS. Six flood-conditioning factors were chosen based on their relevant contribution to the flood, and on the expert opinion. These factors have been weighted to determine each factor importance, in the flood occurrence. According to the map, 24, 71% of the study area, was identified as an area with very high susceptibility, whereas very low, low, moderate and high susceptibility zones covered 5,63%; 9,9%; 25,24% and 34,52% of the area, respectively. The quality of susceptibility mapping was validated by the perfect projection of historical floods in the very high and high susceptibility zones.

The effects on growth of export diversification has been widely discussed in the economic literature, although there is currently no clear consensus on the subject on the virtues of an economic development strategy based on export diversification. This study analyzes the dynamic relationship between relationship between export diversification and economic growth in Tunisia, through the cointegration analysis based on an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach with annual data for the period 1991-2017. The results show that growth based on export diversification is relevant for Tunisia. The econometric study has shown that investment, export diversification, increase in exported products and quality of life have a positive effect on economic growth, while financial development has a negative impact in the long term. However, the short-term impact of export diversification is more limited. The findings have economic policy implications for policymakers seeking to strengthen and improve the export diversification, stability and economic growth of their economies.

With the development of the science disciplines, scientists and philosophers discovered some relationships between good design and a person's psychological health that Lead to physical health. The internal environment elements' aesthetic features may enhance human health and relieve him of contemporary life pressures and difficulties.Hence, the research issue determines the beauty standards in interior design through questionnaires and literature reviews that can judge the beauty or the ugliness of the interior space. What are the reasons for the sense of beauty? What are the motivations of beautiful feelings toward interior designs? And If there a relationship between aesthetic feelings towards interior spaces and human health. Therefore, the research aims to identify the criteria that achieve the beauty of internal space, the standards that lead to it in the interior spaces, and its relation to human health Physically, psychologically, and spiritually.

Okra is a very popular vegetable fruit due to its nutritional and therapeutic potential, but its valorization is still marginalized in agricultural research centers. However, it possesses secondary metabolites not yet identified in the scientific literature and involved in the antioxidant defense system. This work aimed at assessing the effect of soil amendment on biochemical parameters of Abelmoschus esculentus leaf and fruit extracts, involved in the defense against ROS. It appears that the bioformulation used, highly influence some growth parameters and physicochemical parameters of soil. The screening of the different secondary metabolites was done by GC/MS performed with an Agilent 7890A GC coupled to an Agilent MSD 5975C inert mass spectrometer. The free radical scavenging activity was assessed by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl); ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid)) reduction tests. The reducing power towards ferric ion (FRAP) was also assessed. It was determined that the leaf extract from the plot treated with the Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens generated more secondary metabolites than the control extract. This treated extract also showed high IPs at peak concentrations on the three assays DPPH, ABTS and FRAP which are respectively 90.37±1.21%; 91.47±1.01; 85.40 ± 0.14% against 62.55±7.28%; 67.83±4.56; 36.43 ± 0.12% for the control with a highly significant difference (p-value<0.001). The okra fruit extract where GPx, CAT and SOD were assessed, showed a highly significant difference (p-value<0.0001) among these enzymes and according to treatments. Further analysis of our study shows that these beneficial microorganisms positively influenced the agromorphological parameters and play an important role in the improvement of the biochemical parameters involved in the antioxidant activity of Abelmoschus esculentus.

It is estimated that more than 2% of pregnant women have hypothyroidism and that the incidence of treated hypothyroidism prior to pregnancy is around 0.3% of pregnancies. In the majority of cases, hypothyroidism is mild and is due to an autoimmune mechanism, as evidenced by the presence of anti-TPO or antithyroglobulin antibodies. Pregnancy may be indicative of a fruste form, related to asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis, which is unable to increase its hormone production to meet the specific needs of pregnancy. It can also be the consequence of moderate or severe iodine deficiency. Moreover, thyroid balance during pregnancy is essential for good fetal brain development. In fact, several studies have shown that children born to mothers who are not or insufficiently substituted for hypothyroidism have lower intelligence quotients than the general population. In addition, other maternal consequences (gravid hypertension, pre-eclampsia, etc.) and fetal consequences (IUGR, intellectual deficit) of hypothyroidism during pregnancy have been described. Although current recommendations suggest targeted screening of patients at risk of hypothyroidism, it is desirable that, in the near future, this screening becomes systematic as soon as the diagnosis of pregnancy is confirmed. L-thyroxine treatment should then be rapidly initiated (or adapted in the case of known hypothyroidism prior to pregnancy) with the aim of achieving a TSH of less than 2.5 mIU/l. In all cases, iodine supplementation should be offered from the preconceptional period through to breastfeeding.

Knowledge of the diversity of the species, their distribution and that of the pressure factors weighing on the fauna of a protected area are essential to better appreciate the conservation status and guiding decision-making for management. This study aims to contribute improving knowledge of the fauna of Taï national Park (TNP) by providing the first information about the diversity of medium and large-sized mammals and the threats to them in the PK28 and Apollinaire quasi-islands (hereafter island). Data were collected using 23 camera traps and during recce surveys at those islands in the north of the TNP, between January and February 2019. In total, 13 species of mammals were identified. Medium and large-sized mammals were more diverse at the PK28 island than at the Apollinaire island. Two of the species identified on those islands are classified as threatened species according to the Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. It was an endangered species (EN), the common pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) and a vulnerable species (VU), the Leopard (Panthera pardus). Furthermore, anthropogenic threats were observed with 59.68% of the indices of human aggression on the island Apollinaire against 40.32% of these indices on the island Pk28. This very valuable study underlines the need to increase conservation efforts on the islands by integrating them into the ecological monitoring and the surveillance programs, in order to better understand the ecology of the animals that exist there and to reduce illegal activities that threaten them.

The university has a main mission to form the futurs elites of the country or the world. To reach it, the different faculties and departments. At the end of the academic year or the academic term, it also organizes the tests in all courses for evaluating the students who are going to pass in the next level. To succeed in these examinations, the students develop the strategies which will bring them to the success.This article is a contribution to the efficiency of high teaching and academic, which form the future elites world. The success of this academic formation requires strategies from students and teachers.

Being a Party to the Montreal Protocol and the Kigali Amendment, Togo has made a commitment to phase out its Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) and their substitutes according to well-defined timetables. The country therefore needs to inventory its emissions in order to determine the progress made. To support Togo in this process and contribute to the preservation of the ozone layer, this thesis study aims to analyze the status and trends of Togo's emissions in ODS and ODS substitutes for the time series 1995-2018. The methodology used is that recommended in the Montreal Protocol guidelines on data collection and analysis as well as on ODS estimates. Based on the parameters and emission rates obtained after a field survey, the calculated emissions are closer to the actual emissions. Thus, emissions of ODS and their substitutes in 2018 in Togo are respectively estimated at 121.631 Gg CO2-e and 641.409 Gg CO2-e. From 1995 to 2018, trends in CFC-11 and CFC-115 emissions experienced annual growth rates of -4.17% while the decline in CFC-12 emissions was around -4.13% and that HCFC-22 emissions were growing annually at a rate of 4.16%. As for the HFCs which were only introduced in 2013 in Togo, the trends in their emissions are estimated at nearly 31.4% compared to 1995. From these results, it appears that CFCs are completely replaced by HCFCs and HFCs whose emissions are increasing sharply. Togo will have to further strengthen surveillance of illicit imports of ODS at its borders and strengthen the capacity of refrigeration technicians who release significant F-gases into the atmosphere.

Cornual pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, involving the uterine horn. It constitutes a gynecological emergency due to the major risk of cataclysmic uterine rupture which can jeopardize the maternal vital prognosis. Its seriousness lies mainly in the diagnosis. The management of this formerly exclusively surgical pathology has evolved to medical treatment, or even the abstention from any therapy. Our main objective is to assess the effectiveness of the different types of care offered to these two patients.

Climate change has thus become a major global issue. Scientific studies clearly show that the changes at work since the beginning of the industrial period are out of step with the natural variability of the climate. It is a threat to the survival of rural households in sub-Saharan Africa who depend mainly on agriculture and the exploitation of natural resources. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of agricultural producers of climate change, its impacts on the environment, adaptation strategies and the relationships between these different aspects. Surveys were carried out through group discussions and an individual questionnaire administered to 300 households in the Lake Tumba region in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Our analyzes made it possible to identify the factors influencing local perceptions of climate change and the choice of adaptation strategies. The study shows that the majority of rural populations surveyed perceive a decrease in rainfall (81.7%), an increase in temperatures during the day (95%) and at night (98.3%) and strong winds (77, 6%). The level of education of the head of household, size, membership of a peasant organization and cultivated area determine this perception. Land degradation results mainly in soils that are flooded for longer and low agricultural yields. The main adaptation strategy is varietal adaptation. The determining factors of this adaptation are membership of a peasant organization, training in agricultural techniques and access to agricultural inputs. The adoption of an adaptation strategy by a producer depends on his perception of climate change and its causes, its negative impacts on the environment and the means available to provide solutions.

The iron and steel industries generate large quantities of solid waste which is not always easy to manage because of the heavy metals it contains. In most cases, they are used in concrete or bitumen but sometimes as backfill; however, this always requires rigorous control followed by prior treatment. In general, the installation of a foundry requires the creation of a place to store solid waste (slag heap). The scrap metal foundries in Kinshasa do not have appropriate structures for the evacuation or conservation of their waste. They are satisfied with the environmental failure found in the surroundings to liquidate these dangerous wastes in full view of the competent authorities.During our investigations carried out in a sector which contains the aforementioned foundries and whose measured surface is 523272 ha, seventy-six sites on which were spread the slags and muds of the recycling foundries of the scrap were located. The calculation made on the estimates of the weight of these scraps indicates that on average a site contains 592 tons of slag and sludge of the said foundries. These are spread over an average area of 923 m2 and occupy an average volume of 355 m3. In sum, over an average period of 10 years, nearly 45,000 tons of slag and sludge from the scrap metal foundries have been spread on the streets and avenues of our study area over a total surface area of 7,0152 m2 and a relative volume of 26,971 m3.After analysis of the field data, it appears that Block 4 contains a large quantity of slag and sludge from the foundries but also the largest surface area and volume. This is related to the socio-environmental configuration of the area where not only are there several potholes but also the area has no drainage channels for rainwater (hence the recurrent and persistent flooding).In the principal component analysis (PCA), the seventy-six sites are divided into three different clusters, the first of which has only one site, the second has six sites, and the last has the majority of sites, namely sixty-nine. The sites in classes one and two are distinguished by variables (weight, area and volume) that are higher than their respective averages, while those in class three are distinguished by data that are lower than their averages.The evaluation of the daily production of slag and sludge of the said foundries indicates a relative volume of 16 tons. This gives a projected total of 60226 tons of slag and sludge since the installation of these foundries in the city of Kinshasa. The calculation of the difference proves that our study area contains at least 75% of this waste, without counting those contained in third party plots. Furthermore, our investigations attest that a part of the slag and sludge from the foundry that was not evaluated was dumped in the districts bordering our study area, which have similar topographic and environmental characteristics.