S. setigera is a "mbep ou mbepp" gum producing species requested on the national and international market. Its population is poorly known and its dynamics uncontrolled. This study aims to characterize the current status of woody vegetation particularly S. setigera in Malem Niani and Daoudi, Tambacounda, Senegal. The sampling was stratified according to the different vegetation units. In each unit, transects were implemented. Along each transect, 900 m² samples were made with an equidistance of 50 m. The floristic analysis revealed 30 species diversity. Combretaceae family is the richest one. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) shows woody vegetation heterogeneity through evidence of four floristic groups with a large presence of S. setigera. Woody stems distribution inside groups according to height and diameter is similar in both sites while S. setigera distribution shows occurrence of large diameters in Malem Niani and Daoudi. This study evidences species diversity in both sites. Among these species, economic and social interest ones like S. setigera as a real forest resource and ecological importance taxa were met. Therefore, this study contributes to a better knowledge of S. setigera populations’ status in Tambacounda and should help for their upcoming management.