The rapid development of digital in Africa is at the heart of a plural issue: economic, human and cultural. Having become a reality for the agrarian sectors (agriculture, livestock) until then spared by the digital wave, mobile telephony is anchored in the daily life of the African rural world. It offers peasants and farmers enormous possibilities beyond cultural borders and geographical distances. Thanks to such a territorial anchoring of the digital economy, the farmer can, from his mobile phone, receive information on microfinance or marketing consultancy offers (Drumnet / Kenya), the weather and market needs (price, quantity) in order to better produce and better sell its productions (Esoko / Ivory Coast). For example, Kilimo Salama (Kenya) offers farmers an innovative dematerialized insurance service. During the season, if the drought or the rains exceed a level pre-defined by weather radars, the farmer receives financial compensation via « M-Pesa ». Even if digital offers the rural world unimaginable opportunities, its integration into the organization or business cannot be improvised. The challenges of digital transformation are certainly technical, but also human and cultural. In rural societies with a strong oral tradition, where face to face was the dominant mode of interaction, digitalized and anonymous interpersonal communication transforms social bonds. Therefore, any digital irrigation of the African rural environment requires anthropological support in terms of socio-educational strategies of cultural appropriation without which the expected digital anchoring would lack sociological foundation. How the social sciences can accompany the development of in the rural agricultural sector, in terms of support, prevention of risks or human costs. This anticipatory reading of the strengths and limitations of agricultural startups will be based on the Esoko platform experience developed in Kenya, then in Côte d'Ivoire.