The main research problem is centered on the future of the peri-urban population of the 3rd arrondissement of the city of Zinder, in the face of urban sprawl, which is manifested by a process of spatial extension. In this context, the objective of this scientific production is to analyze the phenomenon of the occupation of lands in peri-urban environments grouping together the village nucleus, the zone of informal extension, development and socio-cultural transformations. The periurban areas, often receive an urban population in search of a cheap land, and a natural environment more favorable or conducive to amenities. As a result, the peri-urban area is gradually becoming urbanized by the phenomenon of urban sprawl caused by population growth, which allows for a process of growth in housing and the frequency of road infrastructure, commercial and public. This paper deals with the forms of social transformations generated by the process of accelerated urbanization in the third district of Zinder city. The study leads to the hypothesis according to which it is possible to make a plausible link between the rapid urban extension and the lifestyle change of the peri-urban population in the third district of Zinder. Apart from the various conflicts the phenomenon provokes, it has also played a major role in the orientation of rural populations towards other socio-economic and professional activities that generate income. Unfortunately, this professional redeployment affects the cultivation and identities of rural people who have lost their farming land. Two urban villages are concerned by this survey. These urban villages are Malan Amar and Bani Agama. The results obtained confirm that the urbanization process in the third arrondissement has both changed the socio-cultural habits of the actors who lived in the peripheries, the modes of acquisition and exploitation of land. This process has also led to a redeployment of rural people to other basic socio-economic activities. The methodological framework is based on the collection of qualitative and quantitative data and the operationalization of the systemic and the functionalist approach.