The contribution of remote sensing to controlling the proliferation of invasive aquatic plants is of paramount importance, as it makes it possible to better monitor the spatio-temporal evolution of these plants’ occupation of water bodies. The surface of the Comoé River estuary has always been occupied by Invasive Aquatic Plants (IAPs). This study was carried out with a view to listing all the aquatic plant species colonising the surface of the estuarine water body and analysing the dynamics of their proliferation. To achieve this, the study’s first stage consisted of carrying out an itinerant inventory along transects installed on the water body to record all the species encountered. In the second stage, the colonisation dynamics of the estuary were analysed using four Landsat (TM) 1986, 1989, Landsat 7 (ETM+) 2004 and Landsat 8 (OLI) 2022 satellite images. The floristic inventory identified 8 species divided into 8 genera and 8 distinct families at the surface of the estuary water body. Analysis of land use dynamics from 1986 to 2022 shows a variation in the annual rate of expansion of IAPs on the surface of the estuary water body. The recent period from 2004 to 2022 is characterised by a considerable rate of expansion of around 1240.2%. The results of this study could constitute a reliable scientific database for the implementation of a policy to control the proliferation of these IAPs at the surface of the water body of the Comoé River estuary.