This article deals with the control of land resources through ownership, access and acquisition of agricultural land in the Tahoua region of Niger. It explains how male and female heads of household access and acquire agricultural land. It also looks at the availability of cropland and the size of farmland in rural areas. An analysis of 84 sample heads of household, 42 of them male and 42 female, showed that inheritance remains the dominant mode of acquisition, with 52% of households acquiring land. This is followed by purchase coupled with inheritance (19%) and rental (7%). Female heads of household rent (12% renters vs. 2.40% renters of agricultural land) and lend (4.80% vs. 2.40% of men). The analysis shows that the farmland available to households consists of fields and gardens. Male and female households have plots of varying sizes, up to 15 hectares for fields and 3 hectares for gardens. On average, female households have only 2 hectares of land, compared with around 6 hectares for male households. A comparison of average field sizes, using ANOVA analysis with Tukey’s test, shows that the average areas owned by heads of households in different zones are not significantly different. The average is 4.39 ha in agricultural zones versus 3.07 ha in agro-pastoral zones.