The concealment, disguise or avoid knowing the origin or nature of money is considered a crime whose name is money laundering or money laundering. This subject of study that is increasing every time, has caused justice to intensify its regulations to combat it. In the same way has turned those who favor this activity into real cover money. Many attribute the beginnings of money laundering to Colombia, a country identified with drug trafficking, which turns out to be the main cause for this crime that significantly harms the economy of each country, being considered as a global problem. This country has taken many measures to prevent money laundering, as well as intensifying and strengthening penalties for those discovered in the crime of money laundering. These have favored its decline. In Ecuador, a neighboring country that is currently experiencing the same social and criminal problems, no preventive measures have been applied that reduce money laundering by a large percentage, facts that favor drug trafficking and other crimes so that money laundering not only increase, but intensify. In the present work we will study the current laws of the Colombian country as the Ecuadorian in an analytical and comparative way to know the aspects in which each legislation could improve.

Le monde urbain peut être appréhender et analyser suivant cinq ordre de réalités caractérisant les théories classique; il s’agit de la ville comme ordre morphologique, la ville comme ordre politique, la ville comme ordre naturel, la ville comme ordre interpersonnel et enfin la ville comme ordre psychologique. Toutefois Vincent kaufmann pense qu’il est nécessaire de dépasser ses théories classiques dans la mesure attendu qu’elles postulent plus au moins implicitement que la vie urbaine est enchainée dans des territoires aux frontières certes multiples, mais nettes et relativement solides, et elles affirment que la ville serait douée de la capacité de faire unité et société. Il ne s’agit de nier les différents ordre (morphologiques, politique, naturel interpersonnel) mais de la nécessité pour une théorie urbaine de comprendre le monde urbain en mouvement en répondant à trois principes :d’abord considérer la matérialité de la ville tout en prenant en compte les différentes logiques d’action des citadins, ensuite dépasser la conception aréolaire et statique de l’espace pour laisser apparaitre un espace réticulaire et rhizomique, et enfin se focaliser sur les mouvements de la ville tout en distinguant la notion de mobilité de celle de fluidité, tout en évitant d’éviter le développement des théories exclusives et totalisantes et d’occulter les relations heuristiques entre la réflexion et l’analyse théorique et la recherche empirique.

The study describes the quality of working conditions of the Rolling Personnel (Machinist) at the national railway company of Congo and its impact on their performance and health. 50 employees compose the sample. The descriptive method, the direct observation, the interview and the job analysis form of Professor Kabambi Ntanda from the University of Kinshasa constitute the research tools. The results indicate that these personnel work in extremely bad working conditions and present dangers. As a result, the employer should intervene as soon as possible to save the physical and mental health of this Personnel.

The study of water disinfection by photosensitization with methoxy-5 psoralen showed complete inhibition of fecal coliforms after 60 minutes of exposure to the light at all concentrations used (0.006; 0.2 and 0.340 g / l). The kinetic study shows that the kinetic constants are classified in the following order: 0.11; 0.15 and 0.17 min-1, respectively for 0.006; 0.2 and 0.340 g / l. In the other hand, for the faecal enterococci, complete inhibition was observed after 5 minutes of exposure at all concentrations used (0.006; 0.2 and 0.340 g / l).